TY - JOUR
T1 - Extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma
AU - Bansal, Radhika
AU - Rakshit, Sagar
AU - Kumar, Shaji
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - When clonal plasma cells grow at anatomic sites distant from the bone marrow or grows contiguous from osseous lesions that break through the cortical bone, it is referred to as extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD). EMD remains challenging from a therapeutic and biological perspective. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not completely understood and it is generally associated with high-risk cytogenetics which portends poor outcomes. There is a rising incidence of EMD in the era of novel agents, likely a reflection of longer OS, with no standard treatment approach. Patients benefit from aggressive chemotherapy-based approaches, but the OS and prognosis remains poor. RT has been used for palliative care. There is a need for large prospective trials for development of treatment approaches for treatment of EMD.
AB - When clonal plasma cells grow at anatomic sites distant from the bone marrow or grows contiguous from osseous lesions that break through the cortical bone, it is referred to as extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMD). EMD remains challenging from a therapeutic and biological perspective. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not completely understood and it is generally associated with high-risk cytogenetics which portends poor outcomes. There is a rising incidence of EMD in the era of novel agents, likely a reflection of longer OS, with no standard treatment approach. Patients benefit from aggressive chemotherapy-based approaches, but the OS and prognosis remains poor. RT has been used for palliative care. There is a need for large prospective trials for development of treatment approaches for treatment of EMD.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116366028&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85116366028&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41408-021-00527-y
DO - 10.1038/s41408-021-00527-y
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34588423
AN - SCOPUS:85116366028
SN - 2044-5385
VL - 11
JO - Blood cancer journal
JF - Blood cancer journal
IS - 9
M1 - 161
ER -