TY - JOUR
T1 - Exerkines in health, resilience and disease
AU - Chow, Lisa S.
AU - Gerszten, Robert E.
AU - Taylor, Joan M.
AU - Pedersen, Bente K.
AU - van Praag, Henriette
AU - Trappe, Scott
AU - Febbraio, Mark A.
AU - Galis, Zorina S.
AU - Gao, Yunling
AU - Haus, Jacob M.
AU - Lanza, Ian R.
AU - Lavie, Carl J.
AU - Lee, Chih Hao
AU - Lucia, Alejandro
AU - Moro, Cedric
AU - Pandey, Ambarish
AU - Robbins, Jeremy M.
AU - Stanford, Kristin I.
AU - Thackray, Alice E.
AU - Villeda, Saul
AU - Watt, Matthew J.
AU - Xia, Ashley
AU - Zierath, Juleen R.
AU - Goodpaster, Bret H.
AU - Snyder, Michael P.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - The health benefits of exercise are well-recognized and are observed across multiple organ systems. These beneficial effects enhance overall resilience, healthspan and longevity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise, however, remain poorly understood. Since the discovery in 2000 that muscle contraction releases IL-6, the number of exercise-associated signalling molecules that have been identified has multiplied. Exerkines are defined as signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. A multitude of organs, cells and tissues release these factors, including skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (baptokines) and neurons (neurokines). Exerkines have potential roles in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune and neurological health. As such, exerkines have potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, and possibly in the facilitation of healthy ageing. This Review summarizes the importance and current state of exerkine research, prevailing challenges and future directions.
AB - The health benefits of exercise are well-recognized and are observed across multiple organ systems. These beneficial effects enhance overall resilience, healthspan and longevity. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise, however, remain poorly understood. Since the discovery in 2000 that muscle contraction releases IL-6, the number of exercise-associated signalling molecules that have been identified has multiplied. Exerkines are defined as signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. A multitude of organs, cells and tissues release these factors, including skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (baptokines) and neurons (neurokines). Exerkines have potential roles in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune and neurological health. As such, exerkines have potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, and possibly in the facilitation of healthy ageing. This Review summarizes the importance and current state of exerkine research, prevailing challenges and future directions.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2
DO - 10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35304603
AN - SCOPUS:85126479619
SN - 1759-5029
VL - 18
SP - 273
EP - 289
JO - Nature Reviews Endocrinology
JF - Nature Reviews Endocrinology
IS - 5
ER -