TY - JOUR
T1 - Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure
T2 - JACC State-of-the-Art Review
AU - Del Buono, Marco Giuseppe
AU - Arena, Ross
AU - Borlaug, Barry A.
AU - Carbone, Salvatore
AU - Canada, Justin M.
AU - Kirkman, Danielle L.
AU - Garten, Ryan
AU - Rodriguez-Miguelez, Paula
AU - Guazzi, Marco
AU - Lavie, Carl J.
AU - Abbate, Antonio
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American College of Cardiology Foundation
PY - 2019/5/7
Y1 - 2019/5/7
N2 - Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characteristics and multisystem dysfunction, including aging, impaired pulmonary reserve, as well as peripheral and respiratory skeletal muscle dysfunction. We herein review the different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.
AB - Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characteristics and multisystem dysfunction, including aging, impaired pulmonary reserve, as well as peripheral and respiratory skeletal muscle dysfunction. We herein review the different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.
KW - HFpEF
KW - HFrEF
KW - aging
KW - cardiorespiratory fitness
KW - comorbidities
KW - exercise capacity
KW - exercise intolerance
KW - exercise training
KW - fatigue
KW - heart failure
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.072
DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.072
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31047010
AN - SCOPUS:85064574620
SN - 0735-1097
VL - 73
SP - 2209
EP - 2225
JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
IS - 17
ER -