TY - JOUR
T1 - Endurance exercise performance
T2 - The physiology of champions
AU - Joyner, Michael J.
AU - Coyle, Edward F.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2008/1/1
Y1 - 2008/1/1
N2 - Efforts to understand human physiology through the study of champion athletes and record performances have been ongoing for about a century. For endurance sports three main factors - maximal oxygen consumption V̇O2max, the so-called 'lactate threshold' and efficiency (i.e. the oxygen cost to generate a give running speed or cycling power output) - appear to play key roles in endurance performance. V̇O2max and lactate threshold interact to determine the 'performance' which is the oxygen consumption that can be sustained for a given period of time. Efficiency interacts with the performance to establish the speed or power that can be generated at this oxygen consumption. This review focuses on what is currently known about how these factors interact, their utility as predictors of elite performance, and areas where there is relatively less information to guide current thinking. In this context, definitive ideas about the physiological determinants of running and cycling efficiency is relatively lacking in comparison with V̇O2max and the lactate threshold, and there is surprisingly limited and clear information about the genetic factors that might pre-dispose for elite performance. It should also be cautioned that complex motivational and sociological factors also play important roles in who does or does not become a champion and these factors go far beyond simple physiological explanations. Therefore, the performance of elite athletes is likely to defy the types of easy explanations sought by scientific reductionism and remain an important puzzle for those interested in physiological integration well into the future.
AB - Efforts to understand human physiology through the study of champion athletes and record performances have been ongoing for about a century. For endurance sports three main factors - maximal oxygen consumption V̇O2max, the so-called 'lactate threshold' and efficiency (i.e. the oxygen cost to generate a give running speed or cycling power output) - appear to play key roles in endurance performance. V̇O2max and lactate threshold interact to determine the 'performance' which is the oxygen consumption that can be sustained for a given period of time. Efficiency interacts with the performance to establish the speed or power that can be generated at this oxygen consumption. This review focuses on what is currently known about how these factors interact, their utility as predictors of elite performance, and areas where there is relatively less information to guide current thinking. In this context, definitive ideas about the physiological determinants of running and cycling efficiency is relatively lacking in comparison with V̇O2max and the lactate threshold, and there is surprisingly limited and clear information about the genetic factors that might pre-dispose for elite performance. It should also be cautioned that complex motivational and sociological factors also play important roles in who does or does not become a champion and these factors go far beyond simple physiological explanations. Therefore, the performance of elite athletes is likely to defy the types of easy explanations sought by scientific reductionism and remain an important puzzle for those interested in physiological integration well into the future.
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U2 - 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834
DO - 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143834
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17901124
AN - SCOPUS:37749038281
SN - 0022-3751
VL - 586
SP - 35
EP - 44
JO - Journal of Physiology
JF - Journal of Physiology
IS - 1
ER -