Endoscopic perforator vein division with ablation of superficial reflux improves venous hemodynamics

Purpose: Hemodynamic consequences of incompetent perforator vein interruption have not been well documented. The effects of perforator interruption, with or without ablation of superficial venous reflux, on venous function in patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency was studied. Methods: Calf muscle pump function, venous incompetence, and outflow obstruction were assessed by means of strain-gauge plethysmography (SGP) before and within 6 months after subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS). SEPS was performed with laparoscopic instrumentation and CO₂ insufflation. Concomitant high ligation or saphenons vein stripping was performed in 24 limbs (77%). Results: Twenty-six patients, 18 women and 8 men, with a mean age of 50 years (range, 20 to 77 years) underwent SEPS. Preoperative evaluation confirmed superficial reflux in 65% of limbs, deep venous reflux in 77% of limbs, and perforator incompetence in 97% of limbs. All limbs had advanced venous dysfunction (C3, C4, C5, c6). All active ulcers (C6, n = 12) healed after surgery (mean, 32 ± 3 days), and only I recurred during a mean follow-up period of 11 months (range, I to 43 months). Clinical score improved from 6.58 ± 0.50 to 2.19 ± 0.25 (P < .0001). Improved calf muscle pump function was demonstrated by means of postoperative SGP and was indicated by increased refill volume (RV: 0.27 ± 0.06 vs 0.64 ± 0.10 mL/100 mL tissue, P < .01). Venous incompetence also improved, as evidenced by prolonged duration to refill after exercise (T90:7.71 ± 1.20 vs 16.71 ± 1.98 seconds, P < .001) and a decrease in RV after passive drainage (3.23 ± 0.19 vs 2.63 ± 0.15 mL/100 mL tissue, P < .01). Improved refill rate (RR) correlated with improvements in clinical scores (P < .01, r = 0.77). Conclusion: SEPS with ablation of superficial reflux improved calf muscle pump function, reduced venous incompetence, and produced excellent midterm clinical results. However, functional improvement directly related to SEPS requires further investigation. This study supports adding SEPS to ablation of superficial reflux in patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency.