Effects of age and sex on aquaporin-4 autoimmunity

Amy M.L. Quek, Andrew McKeon, Vanda A. Lennon, Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Raffaele Iorio, Yujuan Jiao, Chiara Costanzi, Brian G. Weinshenker, Dean M. Wingerchuk, Claudia F. Lucchinetti, Elizabeth A. Shuster, Sean J. Pittock

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

55 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To determine the sex and age distribution of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoimmunity using data derived from clinical service laboratory testing of 56 464 patient samples. Design : Observational analysis. Setting: Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory. Patients: Between October 1, 2005, and January 4, 2011, 56 464 patients were tested for AQP4-IgG; 2960 (5.2%) patients were seropositive. Main Outcome Measure : Seropositivity for AQP4- IgG. Results: Patients seropositive for AQP4-IgG were older than seronegative patients (mean [SD] age, 46 [16] vs 42 [15] years, respectively; P < .001). More females than males were tested (37 662 vs 16 810, respectively; P < .001). Among 2743 seropositive patients, 146 (5.3%) were pediatric (aged ≤18 years) and 333 (12.1%) were elderly (aged ≥65 years). The sex distribution of seropositive patients was 2465 females and 306 males (absolute female:male ratio, 8.1:1; P < .001). After adjusting for the number of females tested, an excess of females persisted (adjusted female:male ratio, 3.6:1). Female predominance for AQP4-IgG was more striking in adults (absolute female:male ratio, 8.4:1; adjusted female:male ratio, 3.5:1) than in pediatric patients (absolute female: male ratio, 4.3:1; adjusted female:male ratio, 2.9:1) (P < .001). Elderly women were more likely to be seropositive than individuals in other age categories (13.1% vs 6.0%, respectively; P < .001). The proportion of AQP4- IgG-seropositive individuals (detection rate), defined by decade of age, increased exponentially in women after age 50 years. Conclusions: Seropositivity for AQP4-IgG occurs predominantly in females, particularly in individuals older than 18 years. Among seropositive patients, 1 in 6 is in the extremes of age. The detection rate of AQP4-IgG increased in women after age 50 years.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1039-1043
Number of pages5
JournalArchives of neurology
Volume69
Issue number8
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2012

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
  • Clinical Neurology

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