Effect of environmental temperature on shock absorption properties of running shoes

Objective: To determine the effect of temperature changes on the shock attenuation of 4 running shoe shock absorption systems. Design: Prospective. Setting: Motion analysis laboratory. Interventions: The shock attenuation of 4 different running shoes representing common shock absorption systems (Nike Air Triax, Asics Gel Nimbus IV, Adidas a3 cushioning, Adidas Supernova cushion) was measured at ambient temperatures of -20°C, -10°C, 0°C, +10°C, +20°C, +30°C, +40°C, and +50°C. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine differences between shoes. Outcome Measures: Shock attenuation as indicated by peak deceleration (g) measured by a mechanical impactor following ASTM Standard F1614-99. Results: Shock attenuation decreased significantly with reduced temperature for each shoe tested. The Adidas a3 shoe exhibited significantly higher peak decelerations (lower shock attenuation) at cold temperatures compared with the other shoes. Conclusions: Cold ambient temperatures significantly reduce the shock attenuation of commonly used running shoes. These findings have important clinical implications for individuals training in extreme weather environments, particularly those with a history of lower limb overuse injuries.