Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection manifesting as fever of unknown origin and intra-abdominal lymphadenitis: Case report and literature review

Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium found in soil and water throughout the world. Disease in immunocompetent patients usually consists of localized skin and soft tissue infections. In contrast, disseminated disease is uncommon, usually presents with rash, and almost always occurs in an immunocompromised host. We describe an unusual case of disseminated M. abscessus infection manifesting as fever of unknown origin and intra-abdominal lymphadenitis, but without rash. Our patient responded well to amikacin and clarithromycin therapy. We also review the literature related to the diagnosis and management of this uncommon disease.