TY - JOUR
T1 - Diastolic Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Are Independently Associated With Mortality in Chronic Aortic Regurgitation
AU - Yang, Li Tan
AU - Pellikka, Patricia A.
AU - Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice
AU - Scott, Christopher G.
AU - Padang, Ratnasari
AU - Mankad, Sunil V.
AU - Schaff, Hartzell V.
AU - Michelena, Hector I.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 American College of Cardiology Foundation
PY - 2020/1/7
Y1 - 2020/1/7
N2 - Background: The prognostic significance of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and resting heart rate (RHR) in patients with hemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation (AR) is unknown. Objectives: This study sought to investigate the association of DBP and RHR with all-cause mortality in patients with AR. Methods: Consecutive patients with ≥ moderate to severe AR were retrospectively identified from 2006 to 2017. The association between all-cause mortality and routinely measured DBP and RHR was examined. Results: Of 820 patients (age 59 ± 17 years; 82% men) followed for 5.5 ± 3.5 years, 104 died under medical management, and 400 underwent aortic valve surgery (AVS). Age, symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LV end-systolic diameter-index (LVESDi), DBP, and RHR were univariable predictors of all-cause mortality (all p ≤ 0.002). When adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and surgical triggers (symptoms, LVEF, and LVESDi), baseline DBP (adjusted-hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79 [95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 0.94] per 10 mm Hg increase, p = 0.009) and baseline RHR (adjusted HR: 1.23 [95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.45] per 10 beat per min [bpm] increase, p = 0.01) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. These associations persisted after adjustment for presence of hypertension, medications, time-dependent AVS, and using average DBP and RHR (all p ≤ 0.02). Compared with the general population, patients with AR exhibited excess mortality (relative risk of death >1), which rose steeply in inverse proportion (p nonlinearity = 0.002) to DBP starting at 70 mm Hg and peaking at 55 mm Hg and in direct proportion to RHR starting at 60 bpm. Conclusions: In patients with chronic hemodynamically significant AR, routinely measured DBP and RHR demonstrate a robust association with all-cause death, independent of demographics, comorbidities, guideline-based surgical triggers, presence of hypertension, and use of medications. Therefore, DBP and RHR should be integrated into comprehensive clinical decision-making for these patients.
AB - Background: The prognostic significance of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and resting heart rate (RHR) in patients with hemodynamically significant aortic regurgitation (AR) is unknown. Objectives: This study sought to investigate the association of DBP and RHR with all-cause mortality in patients with AR. Methods: Consecutive patients with ≥ moderate to severe AR were retrospectively identified from 2006 to 2017. The association between all-cause mortality and routinely measured DBP and RHR was examined. Results: Of 820 patients (age 59 ± 17 years; 82% men) followed for 5.5 ± 3.5 years, 104 died under medical management, and 400 underwent aortic valve surgery (AVS). Age, symptoms, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LV end-systolic diameter-index (LVESDi), DBP, and RHR were univariable predictors of all-cause mortality (all p ≤ 0.002). When adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and surgical triggers (symptoms, LVEF, and LVESDi), baseline DBP (adjusted-hazard ratio [HR]: 0.79 [95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 0.94] per 10 mm Hg increase, p = 0.009) and baseline RHR (adjusted HR: 1.23 [95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.45] per 10 beat per min [bpm] increase, p = 0.01) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. These associations persisted after adjustment for presence of hypertension, medications, time-dependent AVS, and using average DBP and RHR (all p ≤ 0.02). Compared with the general population, patients with AR exhibited excess mortality (relative risk of death >1), which rose steeply in inverse proportion (p nonlinearity = 0.002) to DBP starting at 70 mm Hg and peaking at 55 mm Hg and in direct proportion to RHR starting at 60 bpm. Conclusions: In patients with chronic hemodynamically significant AR, routinely measured DBP and RHR demonstrate a robust association with all-cause death, independent of demographics, comorbidities, guideline-based surgical triggers, presence of hypertension, and use of medications. Therefore, DBP and RHR should be integrated into comprehensive clinical decision-making for these patients.
KW - aortic regurgitation
KW - diastolic blood pressure
KW - heart rate
KW - mortality
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.047
DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.047
M3 - Article
C2 - 31918832
AN - SCOPUS:85076687808
SN - 0735-1097
VL - 75
SP - 29
EP - 39
JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
IS - 1
ER -