@article{e12c201d915e43be890b795e4c6ef911,
title = "Depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment predict greater atrophy in alzheimer's disease-related regions",
abstract = "Background: Depression has been associated with higher conversion rates from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be a marker of prodromal AD that can be used to identify individuals with MCI who are most likely to progress to AD. Thus, we examined the neuroanatomical changes associated with depressive symptoms in MCI. Methods: Two-hundred forty-three MCI subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who had brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and 2-year follow-up were classified into depressed (n = 44), nondepressed with other neuropsychiatric symptoms (n = 93), and no-symptom (NOSYMP; n = 106) groups based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Tensor-based morphometry was used to create individual three-dimensional maps of 2-year brain changes that were compared between groups. Results: Depressed subjects had more frontal (p =.024), parietal (p =.030), and temporal (p =.038) white matter atrophy than NOSYMP subjects. Those whose depressive symptoms persisted over 2 years also had higher conversion to AD and more decline on measures of global cognition, language, and executive functioning compared with stable NOSYMP subjects. Nondepressed with other neuropsychiatric symptoms and NOSYMP groups exhibited no differences in rates of atrophy. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were associated with greater atrophy in AD-affected regions, increased cognitive decline, and higher rates of conversion to AD. Depression in individuals with MCI may be associated with underlying neuropathological changes, including prodromal AD, and may be a potentially useful clinical marker in identifying MCI patients who are most likely to progress to AD.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, depression, mild cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric symptoms, tensor-based morphometry, white matter",
author = "Lee, {Grace J.} and Lu, {Po H.} and Xue Hua and Suh Lee and Stephanie Wu and Ken Nguyen and Edmond Teng and Leow, {Alex D.} and Jack, {Clifford R.} and Toga, {Arthur W.} and Weiner, {Michael W.} and George Bartzokis and Thompson, {Paul M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Dr. Weiner serves on scientific advisory boards for Bayer Schering Pharma; Eli Lilly and Company; CoMentis, Inc.; Neurochem Inc; Eisai Inc.; Avid Radiopharmaceuticals Inc.; Aegis Therapies; Genentech, Inc.; Allergan, Inc.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Forest Laboratories, Inc.; Pfizer Inc; McKinsey & Company; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation; and Novartis; has received funding for travel from Nestl{\'e} and Kenes International and to attend conferences not funded by industry; serves on the editorial board of Alzheimer's & Dementia; has received honoraria from the Rotman Research Institute and BOLT International; serves as a consultant for Elan Corporation; receives research support from Merck & Co. and Radiopharmaceuticals Inc.; and holds stock in Synarc and Elan Corporation. Funding Information: Dr. Toga received a speaker honorarium from St. Jude Children's Hospital; serves in an editorial capacity for NeuroImage, InSight, The Cerebellum, Neuroimaging, Neuroinformatics, Anatomy & Embryology, Current Medical Imaging Reviews, Biology Image Library, Biomedical Computation Review, Brain Structure and Function, and Journal of Neural Regeneration Research; has served on scientific and/or external advisory boards for Wellcome Trust, Allen Institute for Brain Science, University of Texas at Austin, Oklahoma IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence, Takeda Global Research & Development Center, and the University of Pittsburgh; and has received/receives research support from an Academic Excellence Grant– SUN Microsystems and from High-Q Foundation and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society . ",
year = "2012",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.024",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "71",
pages = "814--821",
journal = "Biological psychiatry",
issn = "0006-3223",
publisher = "Elsevier USA",
number = "9",
}