Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopy-Chromo and Optical Contrast Techniques

In the past decade, digestive endoscopy has evolved from a primary diagnostic modality of evident gastrointestinal abnormalities to the recognition of very subtle abnormalities with a focus on early detection of premalignant lesions. This has been achieved through the introduction of adjunct technologies such as contrast enhancement with chromoendoscopy and other optical technologies. These include field enhancement technologies such as chromoendoscopy, narrow band imaging, optimal band imaging, iScan, and point enhancement technologies such as confocal laser endomicroscopy. This chapter will review the diagnostic role of contrast-enhanced endoscopy and the training methods for an appropriate utilization of these technologies.