TY - JOUR
T1 - Contrast Acuity With Different Colors in Parkinson's Disease
AU - Gupta, Harsh V.
AU - Zhang, Nan
AU - Driver-Dunckley, Erika
AU - Mehta, Shyamal H.
AU - Beach, Thomas G.
AU - Adler, Charles H.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
PY - 2019/11/1
Y1 - 2019/11/1
N2 - Background: Abnormal color vision and contrast acuity may have significant impact on daily activities. Objective: Evaluate color visual acuity, at high and low contrast, in Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls using an iPad application. Methods: Color visual acuity was tested with the Variable Contrast Acuity Chart (King-Devick Test LLC, Oakbrook Terrace, IL) on an iPad 2 at 40 cms using five colors (red, green, blue, yellow, and black) at low (2.5%) and high (100%) contrast. A numerical score (0–95) was assigned based on the number of correctly identified letters. Results: Thirty-six PD (mean ± standard deviation age 68 ± 10 years) and 36 controls (72 ± 11.2 years) were studied. PD disease duration was 6.4 ± 4.6 years; MDS-UPDRS part II was 11.7 ± 7.0, and part III was 24.5 ± 9.9. After adjusting for age and sex, PD patients had significantly (P < 0.05) lower scores at high (100%) as well as low (2.5%) contrast for all five colors tested (red, green, blue, yellow, and black), except yellow low contrast (2.5%; P = 0.10). The largest effect size (0.88) was with yellow high contrast, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy using a cut-off score of 82 was 31%, 97%, 92%, 58%, and 64%, respectively. No correlation to disease duration was found. Conclusions: This iPad application may be a simple-to-use biomarker for assessing color vision in PD. Further research is needed to determine disease specificity and whether there is a role in monitoring disease progression, treatment response, and identifying prodromal PD.
AB - Background: Abnormal color vision and contrast acuity may have significant impact on daily activities. Objective: Evaluate color visual acuity, at high and low contrast, in Parkinson's disease (PD) and controls using an iPad application. Methods: Color visual acuity was tested with the Variable Contrast Acuity Chart (King-Devick Test LLC, Oakbrook Terrace, IL) on an iPad 2 at 40 cms using five colors (red, green, blue, yellow, and black) at low (2.5%) and high (100%) contrast. A numerical score (0–95) was assigned based on the number of correctly identified letters. Results: Thirty-six PD (mean ± standard deviation age 68 ± 10 years) and 36 controls (72 ± 11.2 years) were studied. PD disease duration was 6.4 ± 4.6 years; MDS-UPDRS part II was 11.7 ± 7.0, and part III was 24.5 ± 9.9. After adjusting for age and sex, PD patients had significantly (P < 0.05) lower scores at high (100%) as well as low (2.5%) contrast for all five colors tested (red, green, blue, yellow, and black), except yellow low contrast (2.5%; P = 0.10). The largest effect size (0.88) was with yellow high contrast, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy using a cut-off score of 82 was 31%, 97%, 92%, 58%, and 64%, respectively. No correlation to disease duration was found. Conclusions: This iPad application may be a simple-to-use biomarker for assessing color vision in PD. Further research is needed to determine disease specificity and whether there is a role in monitoring disease progression, treatment response, and identifying prodromal PD.
KW - King-Devick test
KW - Parkinson's disease
KW - contrast sensitivity
KW - visual acuity
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U2 - 10.1002/mdc3.12821
DO - 10.1002/mdc3.12821
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85071838250
SN - 2330-1619
VL - 6
SP - 672
EP - 677
JO - Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
JF - Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
IS - 8
ER -