Considering sex as a biological variable in preclinical research

Leah R. Miller, Cheryl Marks, Jill B. Becker, Patricia D. Hurn, Wei Jung Chen, Teresa Woodruff, Margaret M. McCarthy, Farida Sohrabji, Londa Schiebinger, Cora Lee Wetherington, Susan Makris, Arthur P. Arnold, Gillian Einstein, Virginia M. Miller, Kathryn Sandberg, Susan Maier, Terri L. Cornelison, Janine A. Clayton

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

124 Scopus citations

Abstract

In June2015, the National Institutes of Health (NIH)released a Guidenotice (NOT-OD-15-102) that highlighted the expectation of the NIH that the possible role of sex as a biologicvariablebe factored into research design, analyses, and reporting of vertebrate animal and human studies. Anticipating these guidelines, the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health, in October 2014, convened key stakeholders to discuss methods and techniques for integrating sex as a biologic variable in preclinical research. The workshop focused on practical methods, experimental design, and approaches to statistical analyses in the use of both male and female animals, cells, and tissues in preclinical research. Workshop participants also considered gender as a modifier of biology. This article builds on the works hopandismeant as a guide to preclinical investigators as they consider methods and techniques for inclusion of both sexes in preclinical research and is not intended to prescribe exhaustive/specific approaches for compliance with the new NIH policy. -Miller, L. R., Marks, C., Becker, J.B., Hurn, P.D., Chen, W.-J., Woodruff, T., McCarthy, M.M., Sohrabji, F., Schiebinger, L., Wetherington, C.L., Makris, S., Arnold, A. P., Einstein, G., Miller, V. M., Sandberg, K., Maier, S., Cornelison, T. L., Clayton, J. A. Considering sex as a biological variable in preclinical research.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)29-34
Number of pages6
JournalFASEB Journal
Volume31
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2017

Keywords

  • Gender
  • Methods
  • Sex differences
  • Sex influences

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biotechnology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

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