Comparison of replicating and nonreplicating vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Haley E. Mudrick; Shane Massey; Erin B. McGlinch; Brian J. Parrett; Jack R. Hemsath; Mary E. Barry; Jeffrey D. Rubin; Chisom Uzendu; Michael J. Hansen; Courtney L. Erskine; Virginia P. Van Keulen; Aleksandra Drelich; Joseph A. Panos; Madiha Fida; Gina A. Suh; Tobias Peikert; Matthew S. Block; Chien Te Kent Tseng; Gloria R. Olivier; Michael A. Barry

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abm8563

Comparison of replicating and nonreplicating vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Haley E. Mudrick, Shane Massey, Erin B. McGlinch, Brian J. Parrett, Jack R. Hemsath, Mary E. Barry, Jeffrey D. Rubin, Chisom Uzendu, Michael J. Hansen, Courtney L. Erskine, Virginia P. Van Keulen, Aleksandra Drelich, Joseph A. Panos, Madiha Fida, Gina A. Suh, Tobias Peikert, Matthew S. Block, Chien Te Kent Tseng, Gloria R. Olivier, Michael A. Barry

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Abstract

Most gene-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are nonreplicating vectors. They deliver the gene or messenger RNA to the cell to express the spike protein but do not replicate to amplify antigen production. This study tested the utility of replication in a vaccine by comparing replication-defective adenovirus (RD-Ad) and replicating single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vaccines that express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. SC-Ad produced 100 times more spike protein than RD-Ad and generated significantly higher antibodies against the spike protein than RD-Ad after single immunization of Ad-permissive hamsters. SC-Ad-generated antibodies climbed over 14 weeks after single immunization and persisted for more than 10 months. When the hamsters were challenged 10.5 months after single immunization, a single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with SC-Ad-Spike reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and damage in the lungs and preserved body weight better than vaccination with RD-Ad-Spike. This demonstrates the utility of harnessing replication in vaccines to amplify protection against infectious diseases.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	eabm8563
Journal	Science Advances
Volume	8
Issue number	34
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm8563
State	Published - Aug 2022

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Mudrick, H. E., Massey, S., McGlinch, E. B., Parrett, B. J., Hemsath, J. R., Barry, M. E., Rubin, J. D., Uzendu, C., Hansen, M. J., Erskine, C. L., Van Keulen, V. P., Drelich, A., Panos, J. A., Fida, M., Suh, G. A., Peikert, T., Block, M. S., Tseng, C. T. K., Olivier, G. R., & Barry, M. A. (2022). Comparison of replicating and nonreplicating vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Science Advances, 8(34), Article eabm8563. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm8563

Mudrick, HE, Massey, S, McGlinch, EB, Parrett, BJ, Hemsath, JR, Barry, ME, Rubin, JD, Uzendu, C, Hansen, MJ, Erskine, CL, Van Keulen, VP, Drelich, A, Panos, JA, Fida, M, Suh, GA, Peikert, T, Block, MS, Tseng, CTK, Olivier, GR & Barry, MA 2022, 'Comparison of replicating and nonreplicating vaccines against SARS-CoV-2', Science Advances, vol. 8, no. 34, eabm8563. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm8563

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abstract = "Most gene-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are nonreplicating vectors. They deliver the gene or messenger RNA to the cell to express the spike protein but do not replicate to amplify antigen production. This study tested the utility of replication in a vaccine by comparing replication-defective adenovirus (RD-Ad) and replicating single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vaccines that express the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. SC-Ad produced 100 times more spike protein than RD-Ad and generated significantly higher antibodies against the spike protein than RD-Ad after single immunization of Ad-permissive hamsters. SC-Ad-generated antibodies climbed over 14 weeks after single immunization and persisted for more than 10 months. When the hamsters were challenged 10.5 months after single immunization, a single intranasal or intramuscular immunization with SC-Ad-Spike reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral loads and damage in the lungs and preserved body weight better than vaccination with RD-Ad-Spike. This demonstrates the utility of harnessing replication in vaccines to amplify protection against infectious diseases.",

author = "Mudrick, {Haley E.} and Shane Massey and McGlinch, {Erin B.} and Parrett, {Brian J.} and Hemsath, {Jack R.} and Barry, {Mary E.} and Rubin, {Jeffrey D.} and Chisom Uzendu and Hansen, {Michael J.} and Erskine, {Courtney L.} and {Van Keulen}, {Virginia P.} and Aleksandra Drelich and Panos, {Joseph A.} and Madiha Fida and Suh, {Gina A.} and Tobias Peikert and Block, {Matthew S.} and Tseng, {Chien Te Kent} and Olivier, {Gloria R.} and Barry, {Michael A.}",

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Comparison of replicating and nonreplicating vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

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