TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical context and mechanism of functional tricuspid regurgitation in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension
AU - Topilsky, Yan
AU - Khanna, Amber
AU - Le Toumeau, Thierry
AU - Park, Soon
AU - Michelena, Hector
AU - Suri, Rakesh
AU - Mahoney, Douglas W.
AU - Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice
PY - 2012/5
Y1 - 2012/5
N2 - Background-Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) with structurally normal valve is of poorly defined mechanisms. Prevalence and clinical context of idiopathic FTR (Id-FTR) (without overt TR cause) are unknown. Methods and Results-To investigate prevalence, clinical context, and mechanisms specific to FTR types, Id-FTR versus pulmonary hypertension-related (PHTN-FTR, systolic pulmonary pressure ≥50 mm Hg), we analyzed 1161 patients with prospectively quantified TR. Id-FTR (prevalence 12%) was associated with aging and atrial fibrillation. For mechanistic purposes, we measured valvular and right ventricular (RV) remodeling in 141 Id-FTR matched to 140 PHTN-FTR and to 99 controls with trivial TR for age, sex, atrial fibrillation, and ejection fraction. PHTN-FTR and Id-FTR were also matched for TR effective-regurgitant- orifice (ERO). Id-FTR valvular alterations (versus controls) were largest annular area (3.53±0.6 versus 2.74±0.4 cm 2, P<0.0001) and lowest valvular/annular coverage ratio (1.06±0.1 versus 1.45±0.2, P<0.0001) but normal valve tenting height. PHTN-FTR had mild annular enlargement but excessive valve tenting height (0.8±0.3 versus 0.35±0.1 cm, P<0.0001). Valvular changes were linked to specific RV changes, largest basal dilatation, and normal length (RV conical deformation) in Id-FTR versus longest RV with elliptical/spherical deformation in PHTN-FTR. With increasing FTR severity (ERO ≥40 mm 2), changes specific to each FTR type were accentuated, and RV function (index of myocardial performance) was consistently reduced. Conclusions-Id-FTR is frequent, linked to aging and atrial fibrillation, can be severe, and is of unique mechanism. In Id-FTR, excess annular and RV-basal enlargement exhausts valvular/annular coverage reserve, and RV conical deformation does not cause notable valvular tenting. Conversely, PHTN-FTR is determined by valvular tethering with tenting linked to RV elongation and elliptical/spherical deformation. These specific FTR-mechanisms may be important in considering surgical correction in FTR.
AB - Background-Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) with structurally normal valve is of poorly defined mechanisms. Prevalence and clinical context of idiopathic FTR (Id-FTR) (without overt TR cause) are unknown. Methods and Results-To investigate prevalence, clinical context, and mechanisms specific to FTR types, Id-FTR versus pulmonary hypertension-related (PHTN-FTR, systolic pulmonary pressure ≥50 mm Hg), we analyzed 1161 patients with prospectively quantified TR. Id-FTR (prevalence 12%) was associated with aging and atrial fibrillation. For mechanistic purposes, we measured valvular and right ventricular (RV) remodeling in 141 Id-FTR matched to 140 PHTN-FTR and to 99 controls with trivial TR for age, sex, atrial fibrillation, and ejection fraction. PHTN-FTR and Id-FTR were also matched for TR effective-regurgitant- orifice (ERO). Id-FTR valvular alterations (versus controls) were largest annular area (3.53±0.6 versus 2.74±0.4 cm 2, P<0.0001) and lowest valvular/annular coverage ratio (1.06±0.1 versus 1.45±0.2, P<0.0001) but normal valve tenting height. PHTN-FTR had mild annular enlargement but excessive valve tenting height (0.8±0.3 versus 0.35±0.1 cm, P<0.0001). Valvular changes were linked to specific RV changes, largest basal dilatation, and normal length (RV conical deformation) in Id-FTR versus longest RV with elliptical/spherical deformation in PHTN-FTR. With increasing FTR severity (ERO ≥40 mm 2), changes specific to each FTR type were accentuated, and RV function (index of myocardial performance) was consistently reduced. Conclusions-Id-FTR is frequent, linked to aging and atrial fibrillation, can be severe, and is of unique mechanism. In Id-FTR, excess annular and RV-basal enlargement exhausts valvular/annular coverage reserve, and RV conical deformation does not cause notable valvular tenting. Conversely, PHTN-FTR is determined by valvular tethering with tenting linked to RV elongation and elliptical/spherical deformation. These specific FTR-mechanisms may be important in considering surgical correction in FTR.
KW - Atrial fibrillation
KW - Echocardiography
KW - Pulmonary hypertension
KW - Tricuspid regurgitation
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U2 - 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.967919
DO - 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.111.967919
M3 - Article
C2 - 22447806
AN - SCOPUS:84863664018
SN - 1941-9651
VL - 5
SP - 314
EP - 323
JO - Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging
JF - Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging
IS - 3
ER -