Abstract
Background: Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type 3 (PH3) is caused by mutations in the hydroxy-oxo-glutarate aldolase 1 gene. PH3 patients often present with recurrent urinary stone disease in the first decade of life, but prior reports suggested PH3 may have a milder phenotype in adults. This study characterized clinical manifestations of PH3 across the decades of life in comparison with PH1 and PH2. Methods: Clinical information was obtained from the Rare Kidney Stone Consortium PH Registry (PH1, n = 384; PH2, n = 51; PH3, n = 62). Results: PH3 patients presented with symptoms at a median of 2.7 years old compared with PH1 (4.9 years) and PH2 (5.7 years) (P = 0.14). Nephrocalcinosis was present at diagnosis in 4 (7%) PH3 patients, while 55 (89%) had stones. Median urine oxalate excretion was lowest in PH3 patients compared with PH1 and PH2 (1.1 versus 1.6 and 1.5 mmol/day/1.73 m2, respectively, P < 0.001) while urine calcium was highest in PH3 (112 versus 51 and 98 mg/day/1.73 m2 in PH1 and PH2, respectively, P < 0.001). Stone events per decade of life were similar across the age span and the three PH types. At 40 years of age, 97% of PH3 patients had not progressed to end-stage kidney disease compared with 36% PH1 and 66% PH2 patients. Conclusions: Patients with all forms of PH experience lifelong stone events, often beginning in childhood. Kidney failure is common in PH1 but rare in PH3. Longer-Term follow-up of larger cohorts will be important for a more complete understanding of the PH3 phenotype.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 869-875 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation |
Volume | 37 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 1 2022 |
Keywords
- nephrocalcinosis
- oxalate
- primary hyperoxaluria
- stone
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Nephrology
- Transplantation