TY - JOUR
T1 - Cixutumumab and temsirolimus for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma
T2 - A multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial
AU - Schwartz, Gary K.
AU - Tap, William D.
AU - Qin, Li Xuan
AU - Livingston, Michael B.
AU - Undevia, Samir D.
AU - Chmielowski, Bartosz
AU - Agulnik, Mark
AU - Schuetze, Scott M.
AU - Reed, Damon R.
AU - Okuno, Scott H.
AU - Ludwig, Joseph A.
AU - Keedy, Vicki
AU - Rietschel, Petra
AU - Kraft, Andrew S.
AU - Adkins, Douglas
AU - Van Tine, Brian A.
AU - Brockstein, Bruce
AU - Yim, Vincent
AU - Bitas, Christiana
AU - Abdullah, Abdul
AU - Antonescu, Cristina R.
AU - Condy, Mercedes
AU - Dickson, Mark A.
AU - Vasudeva, Shyamprasad Deraje
AU - Ho, Alan L.
AU - Doyle, L. Austin
AU - Chen, Helen X.
AU - Maki, Robert G.
N1 - Funding Information:
GKS has received a consultancy fee from Pfizer and a speaker honorarium from Imclone. WDT is the study chair (uncompensated) of a clinical trial funded by Imclone. MAD has received a consultancy fee from Pfizer and is a study chair (uncompensated) of a clinical trial funded by Pfizer. RGM has received a consultancy fee from Imclone. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Funding Information:
We thank all collaborators on this study and all the patients who participated. We also acknowledge the funding provided by the National Cancer Institute under grants RC2 CA148260 (RGM and GKS) and R01 CA140331 (GKS) , and CycleforSurvival funding from MSKCC. We thank Noah Goodman-Davis and Jerusa Altema (MSKCC), who contributed substantially to the preparation of the data for this manuscript.
PY - 2013/4
Y1 - 2013/4
N2 - Background: Preclinical studies have shown synergistic antitumour activity by inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and mTOR. The expression of IGF-1R seems to be crucial for this effect. We investigated the safety and efficacy of the combination of the IGF-1R antibody cixutumumab and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with chemotherapy-refractory bone and soft-tissue sarcomas according to IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry. Methods: We undertook a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study in 19 cancer centres in the USA. Patients aged at least 16 years with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of bone or soft-tissue sarcoma were allocated on the basis of IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry to one of three treatment groups: IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma (group A), IGF-1R-positive bone sarcomas (group B), or IGF-1R-negative bone and soft-tissue sarcoma (group C). Patients received weekly treatment with cixutumumab (6 mg/kg, intravenous) and temsirolimus (25 mg, intravenous flat dose) in 6-week cycles. A Simon optimal two-stage design was used for every arm. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 weeks by intention-to-treat analysis in the first 54 patients assigned to every treatment arm. Although patients still remain on treatment, this trial has completed enrolment and this represents the final analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01016015. Findings: Between Nov 18, 2009, and April 11, 2012, 388 patients were screened for IGF-1R expression and 54 were assigned to each arm. 17 of 54 patients in the IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma group (31%; one-sided 95% CI lower bound 21%; two-sided 90% CI 21-43), 19 of 54 in IGF-1R-positive bone sarcoma group (35%; one-sided 95% CI lower bound 24%; two-sided 90% CI 24-47), and 21 of 54 in the IGF-1R-negative group (39%, one-sided 95% CI lower bound 28%; two-sided 90% CI 28-51) were progression free at 12 weeks. On April 6, 2011, the protocol was amended to include three additional patients in the IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma group (total of 57 patients) and nine more in the IGF-1R-negative group (total of 63 patients). There were 2546 adverse events reported during the study, 214 (8%) of which were grade 3-4. The most common grade 3-4 toxicities in the 174 treated patients were anaemia in 16 (9%) patients, hyperglycaemia in 18 (10%), hypophosphataemia in 16 (9%), lymphopenia in 25 (14%), oral mucositis in 19 (11%), and thrombocytopenia in 19 (11%). Interpretation: The combination of cixutumumab and temsirolimus shows clinical activity in patients with sarcoma and forms a basis for future trials. However, IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry is not predictive of clinical outcome after treatment with this combination. Funding: National Cancer Institute and CycleforSurvival Fund, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
AB - Background: Preclinical studies have shown synergistic antitumour activity by inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and mTOR. The expression of IGF-1R seems to be crucial for this effect. We investigated the safety and efficacy of the combination of the IGF-1R antibody cixutumumab and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with chemotherapy-refractory bone and soft-tissue sarcomas according to IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry. Methods: We undertook a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study in 19 cancer centres in the USA. Patients aged at least 16 years with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of bone or soft-tissue sarcoma were allocated on the basis of IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry to one of three treatment groups: IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma (group A), IGF-1R-positive bone sarcomas (group B), or IGF-1R-negative bone and soft-tissue sarcoma (group C). Patients received weekly treatment with cixutumumab (6 mg/kg, intravenous) and temsirolimus (25 mg, intravenous flat dose) in 6-week cycles. A Simon optimal two-stage design was used for every arm. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 weeks by intention-to-treat analysis in the first 54 patients assigned to every treatment arm. Although patients still remain on treatment, this trial has completed enrolment and this represents the final analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01016015. Findings: Between Nov 18, 2009, and April 11, 2012, 388 patients were screened for IGF-1R expression and 54 were assigned to each arm. 17 of 54 patients in the IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma group (31%; one-sided 95% CI lower bound 21%; two-sided 90% CI 21-43), 19 of 54 in IGF-1R-positive bone sarcoma group (35%; one-sided 95% CI lower bound 24%; two-sided 90% CI 24-47), and 21 of 54 in the IGF-1R-negative group (39%, one-sided 95% CI lower bound 28%; two-sided 90% CI 28-51) were progression free at 12 weeks. On April 6, 2011, the protocol was amended to include three additional patients in the IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma group (total of 57 patients) and nine more in the IGF-1R-negative group (total of 63 patients). There were 2546 adverse events reported during the study, 214 (8%) of which were grade 3-4. The most common grade 3-4 toxicities in the 174 treated patients were anaemia in 16 (9%) patients, hyperglycaemia in 18 (10%), hypophosphataemia in 16 (9%), lymphopenia in 25 (14%), oral mucositis in 19 (11%), and thrombocytopenia in 19 (11%). Interpretation: The combination of cixutumumab and temsirolimus shows clinical activity in patients with sarcoma and forms a basis for future trials. However, IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry is not predictive of clinical outcome after treatment with this combination. Funding: National Cancer Institute and CycleforSurvival Fund, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
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U2 - 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70049-4
DO - 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70049-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 23477833
AN - SCOPUS:84875803717
SN - 1470-2045
VL - 14
SP - 371
EP - 382
JO - The Lancet Oncology
JF - The Lancet Oncology
IS - 4
ER -