@article{d5694eb669784a0381d1d7ef5d9d9ad8,
title = "Chronic depressive symptomatology in mild cognitive impairment is associated with frontal atrophy rate which hastens conversion to Alzheimer dementia",
abstract = "Objective Investigate the association of chronic depressive symptomatology (chrDS) with cortical atrophy rates and conversion to Alzheimer dementia (AD) over 3 years in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods In a multicenter, clinic-based study, MCI elderly participants were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative repository, based on availability of both serial structural magnetic resonance imaging and chrDS endorsed on three depression-related items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (chrDS N = 32 or no depressive symptoms N = 62) throughout follow-up. Clinical and laboratory investigations were performed every 6 months during the first 2 years and yearly thereafter (median follow-up: 3 years; interquartile range: 1.5-4.0 years). Cortical atrophy rates in 16 predefined frontotemporoparietal regions affected in major depression and AD and the rate of incident AD at follow-up. Results ChrDS in a single domain amnestic MCI sample were associated with accelerated cortical atrophy in the frontal lobe and anterior cingulate but not with atrophy rates in temporomedial or other AD-affected regions. During follow-up, 38 participants (42.7%) developed AD. Participants with chrDS had 60% shorter conversion time to AD than those without depressive symptoms. This association remained significant in survival models adjusted for temporomedial atrophy rates and showed the same trend in models adjusted for frontal cortical atrophy rate, which all increased the risk of AD. Conclusion Our results suggest that chrDS associated with progressive atrophy of frontal regions may represent an additional risk factor for conversion to dementia in MCI as opposite to representing typical prodromal AD symptomatology.",
keywords = "Alzheimer dementia, Depressive symptoms, MRI, cohort study, mild cognitive impairment",
author = "Simona Sacuiu and Insel, {Philip S.} and Susanne Mueller and Duygu Tosun and Niklas Mattsson and Jack, {Clifford R.} and Charles DeCarli and Ronald Petersen and Aisen, {Paul S.} and Weiner, {Michael W.} and {Scott MacKin}, R.",
note = "Funding Information: Data collection and sharing for this project was funded by the ADNI ( National Institutes of Health grant U01 AG024904 ). The ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging , the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering , and through generous contributions from the following: Alzheimer's Association ; Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation ; BioClinica, Inc. ; Biogen Idec ; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company ; Eisai ; Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ; Eli Lilly and Company ; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech, Inc.; GE Healthcare ; Innogenetics N.V. ; IXICO Ltd. ; Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC. ; Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC. ; Medpace ; Merck & Co., Inc. ; Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC. ; NeuroRx Research ; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; Pfizer Inc. ; Piramal Imaging ; Servier; Synarc Inc. ; and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research is providing funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada. Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health ( www.fnih.org ). The grantee organization is the Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and the study is coordinated by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study at the University of California, San Diego. ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for NeuroImaging at the University of Southern California. Funding Information: The current study was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship (to SS) from The Swedish Brain Foundation, The Swedish Society of Medicine (SLS-323431), and The G{\"o}teborg Medical Society (GLS-324681) and by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health ( R01 0977669 and K08 MH081065 to SM).",
year = "2016",
month = feb,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.jagp.2015.03.006",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "24",
pages = "126--135",
journal = "American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry",
issn = "1064-7481",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "2",
}