@article{129416d8397944c796911abeb4c4433c,
title = "Changes in spinal cord hemodynamics reflect modulation of spinal network with different parameters of epidural stimulation",
abstract = "In this study functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging has been implemented to explore the local hemodynamics response induced by electrical epidural stimulation and to study real-time in vivo functional changes of the spinal cord, taking advantage of the superior spatiotemporal resolution provided by fUS. By quantifying the hemodynamics and electromyographic response features, we tested the hypothesis that the temporal hemodynamics response of the spinal cord to electrical epidural stimulation could reflect modulation of the spinal circuitry and accordingly respond to the changes in parameters of electrical stimulation. The results of this study for the first time demonstrate that the hemodynamics response to electrical stimulation could reflect a neural-vascular coupling of the spinal cord. Response in the dorsal areas to epidural stimulation was significantly higher and faster compared to the response in ventral spinal cord. Positive relation between the hemodynamics and the EMG responses was observed at the lower frequencies of epidural stimulation (20 and 40 Hz), which according to our previous findings can facilitate spinal circuitry after spinal cord injury, compared to higher frequencies (200 and 500 Hz). These findings suggest that different mechanisms could be involved in spinal cord hemodynamics changes during different parameters of electrical stimulation and for the first time provide the evidence that neural-vascular coupling of the spinal cord circuitry could be related to specific organization of spinal cord vasculature and hemodynamics.",
keywords = "Epidural electrical stimulation, Functional ultrasound, Hemodynamics responses, Spinal cord",
author = "Shanshan Tang and Cuellar, {Carlos A.} and Pengfei Song and Riazul Islam and Chengwu Huang and Hai Wen and Knudsen, {Bruce E.} and Ping Gong and Lok, {U. Wai} and Shigao Chen and Lavrov, {Igor A.}",
note = "Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the Minnesota State Office for Higher Education Spinal Cord Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury Research Grant Program (FP00098975 and FP00093993), by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for the state assignment in the sphere of scientific activities (No. 0671-2020-0059) and the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University, and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number R00CA214523. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the Minnesota State Office for Higher Education Spinal Cord Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury Research Grant Program (FP00098975 and FP00093993), by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for the state assignment in the sphere of scientific activities (No. 0671-2020-0059 ) and the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University, and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number R00CA214523 . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors",
year = "2020",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117183",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "221",
journal = "NeuroImage",
issn = "1053-8119",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc.",
}