Center of pressure trajectory during gait: A comparison of four foot positions

Knowledge of the center of pressure (COP) trajectory during stance can elucidate possible foot pathology, provide comparative effectiveness of foot orthotics, and allow for appropriate calculation of balance control and joint kinetics during gait. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the COP movement when walking at self-selected speeds with plantigrade, equinus, inverted, and everted foot positions. A total of 13 healthy subjects were asked to walk barefoot across an 8-m walkway with embedded force plates. The COP was computed for each stance limb using the ground reaction forces and moments collected from three force plates. Results demonstrated that the COP excursion was 83% of the foot length and 27% of the foot width in the anterior-posterior and medial lateral directions for plantigrade walking, respectively. Regression equations explained 94% and 44% of the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral COP variability during plantigrade walking, respectively. While the range of motion and COP velocity were similar for inverted and everted walking, the COP remained on the lateral and medial aspects of the foot for these two walking conditions, respectively. A reduced anterior-posterior COP range of motion and velocity were demonstrated during equinus walking. Ankle joint motion in the frontal and sagittal planes supported this COP movement, with increased inversion and plantar flexion demonstrated during inverted and equinus conditions, respectively. Results from this study demonstrated the COP kinematics during simulated pathological gait conditions, with the COP trajectory providing an additional tool for the evaluation of patients with pathology.