Cardiac morphology relevant to mapping

An essential component for safe mapping and ablation is a deep understanding of the relevant cardiac morphology and topographical anatomy. This chapter exemplifies the method of correlating cardiac anatomy with the challenges of detailed mapping and requirement for safe energy delivery. A sub-Eustachian pouch may be present between the tricuspid valve and the Eustachian ridge and vary from a slight depression of the cavotricuspid isthmus floor or a deep recess up to 10µmm at its maximum depth. The strip of atrial myocardium lying between the orifice of the left inferior pulmonary vein and the mitral valve annulus is the mitral isthmus. The ventricular outflow tracts are a common location to target a variety of ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmias can arise from endocavitary structures such as papillary muscles, the moderator band, false tendons as well as nearby conduction system.