Anatomical features of the urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. An essential translational tool

Leonardo Oliveira Reis, Josep Maria Gaya Sopena, Wagner José Fávaro, Mireia Castilho Martin, Antônio Felipe Leite Simão, Rodolfo Borges dos Reis, Murilo Ferreira de Andrade, Josep Domingo Domenech, Carlos Cordon Cardo

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

PURPOSE: To present fundamental anatomical aspects and technical skills necessary to urethra and urinary bladder catheterization in female mice and rats. METHODS: Urethral and bladder catheterization has been widely utilized for carcinogenesis and cancer research and still remains very useful in several applications: from toxicological purposes as well as inflammatory and infectious conditions to functional aspects as bladder dynamics and vesicoureteral reflux, among many others. RESULTS: Animal models are in the center of translational research and those involving rodents are the most important nowadays due to several advantages including human reproducibility, easy handling and low cost. CONCLUSIONS: Although technical and anatomical pearls for rodent urethral and bladder access are presented as tackles to the advancement of lower urinary tract preclinical investigation in a broaden sight, restriction to female animals hampers the male microenvironment, demanding future advances.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)106-110
Number of pages5
JournalActa Cirurgica Brasileira
Volume26
Issue numberSUPPL. 2
DOIs
StatePublished - 2011

Keywords

  • Anatomy
  • Rats
  • Rodent diseases
  • Urinary tract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery

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