Camptothecin analogues: studies from The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center

William J. Slichenmyer, Eric K. Rowinsky, Louise B. Grochow, Scott H. Kaufmann, Ross C. Donehower

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

36 Scopus citations

Abstract

The camptothecin analogues topotecan and irinotecan (CPT-11) are active anticancer drugs. This article reviews the accumulated results of clinical and laboratory studies performed with these agents at The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center. In a phase I clinical and pharmacology trial of topotecan given as a 30-min infusion daily for 5 days every 3 weeks, profound neutropenia precluded dose escalation above 1.5-2.0 mg/m2 per day, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The daily ×5 schedule has been developed further with dose escalation using granulocytecolony-stimulating factor support in patients who have kidney or liver dysfunction and given in combination with cisplatin. In addition, a phase I trial of topotecan given as a 5-day continuous intravenous infusion to patients with refractory leukemia has had promising antileukemic responses. A separate series of in vitro studies indicates that a modest degree of resistance to the cytotoxicity of topotecan can be mediated by P-glycoprotein. A phase I and pharmacology study of irinotecan given as a 90-min infusion every 3 weeks has defined an MTD of 240 mg/m2, with dose escalation being limited by several toxicities. These included an acute treatment-related syndrome of flushing, warmth, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea; a subacute combination of nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss; and/or neutropenia. Antitumor activity has been observed with topotecan and irinotecan in patients with a variety of solid tumors and refractory leukemia in our studies, which supports the widespread enthusiasm for this group of compounds.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)S53-S57
JournalCancer chemotherapy and pharmacology
Volume34
Issue number1 Supplement
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1994

Keywords

  • Camptothecin
  • Cancer chemotherapy
  • Topoisomerase I

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Cancer Research
  • Pharmacology (medical)

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