Breast cancer risk and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents after a benign breast biopsy

Over one million women in the United States receive biopsy diagnoses of benign breast disease (BBD) each year, which confer a 1.5–4.0-fold increase in breast cancer risk. Studies in the general population suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) lower breast cancer risk; however, associations among women with BBD are unknown. We assessed whether NSAID use among women diagnosed with BBD is associated with lower breast cancer risk. Participants included 3,080 women (mean age ¼ 50.3 = 13.5 years) in the Mayo BBD surgical biopsy cohort diagnosed between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2001 who completed breast cancer risk factor questionnaires that assessed NSAID use, and whose biopsies underwent detailed pathology review, masked to outcome. Women were followed from date of BBD biopsy to breast cancer diagnosis (main outcome) or censoring (death, prophylactic mastectomy, reduction mammoplasty, lobular carcinoma in situ or last contact). Median follow-up time was 16.4 = 6.0 years. Incident breast cancer was diagnosed among 312 women over a median follow-up of 9.9 years. Regular non-aspirin NSAID use was associated with lower breast cancer risk [HR ¼ 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 0.46–0.85; P ¼ 0.002] with trends of lower risk (highest tertiles of use vs. nonuse) for greater number of years used [HR ¼ 0.55; 95% CI ¼ 0.31–0.97; P_trend ¼ 0.003), days used per month (HR ¼ 0.51; 95% CI ¼ 0.33–0.80; P_trend ¼ 0.001) and lifetime number of doses taken (HR ¼ 0.53; 95% CI ¼ 0.31–0.89; P_trend ¼ 0.003). We conclude that nonaspirin NSAID use is associated with statistically significant lower breast cancer risk after a BBD biopsy, including a dose–response effect, suggesting a potential role for NSAIDs in breast cancer prevention among patients with BBD.