Bone and joint involvement in human immunodeficiency virus infection

The bone and joint complications of HIV infection continue to be reported. Some, in particular the metabolic bone disorders have become more prominent in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy. However, the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of these disorders as well as their relationship to the HIV infection itself, to the duration of illness, or to antiretroviral therapy remain largely undefined. This article attempts to provide a broad overview of the complications of HIV and its treatment involving the bone and joints.