ATS Core Curriculum 2021. Adult Sleep Medicine: Sleep Apnea

Shazia M. Jamil, Shirin Shafazand, Katherine A. Dudley, Melissa C. Lipford, Chenjuan Gu, Jonathan C. Jun, Isadore Budnick, Eric M. Davis, David Kent, Jeffrey J. Stanley, Rachel Quaney, Nancy H. Stewart, Kirsten Young, Shannon Sullivan, Jakob I. McSparron, Tisha Wang, Elizabeth Guzman, Başak Çoruh, Margaret M. Hayes

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

The American Thoracic Society Sleep Core Curriculum updates clinicians on important sleep topics, presented during the annual meeting, and appearing in summary here. This year's sleep core theme is sleep-disordered breathing and its management. Topics range from pathophysiological mechanisms for the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and metabolic syndrome, surgical modalities of OSA treatment, comorbid insomnia and OSA, central sleep apnea, and sleep practices during a pandemic. OSA has been associated with metabolic syndrome, independent of the role of obesity, and the pathophysiology suggests a role for sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia in observed metabolic outcomes. In specific patient populations, surgical treatment modalities for OSA have demonstrated large reductions in objective disease severity compared with no treatment and may facilitate adherence to positive airway pressure treatment. Patient-centered approaches to comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea include evaluating for both OSA and insomnia simultaneously and using shared-decision making to determine the order and timing of positive airway pressure therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. The pathophysiology of central sleep apnea is complex and may be due to the loss of drive to breathe or instability in the regulatory pathways that control ventilation. Pandemic-era sleep practices have evolved rapidly to balance safety and sustainability of care for patients with sleep-disordered breathing.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)484-496
Number of pages13
JournalATS Scholar
Volume2
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2021

Keywords

  • central sleep apnea
  • insomnia
  • metabolic syndrome
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • upper airway surgery

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Education
  • Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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