TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations of dietary protein with disease and mortality in a prospective study of postmenopausal women
AU - Kelemen, Linda E.
AU - Kushi, Lawrence H.
AU - Jacobs, David R.
AU - Cerhan, James R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Iowa Women’s Health Study was funded by grant R01 CA39742, and Dr. Kelemen was supported by Mayo Clinic genetic epidemiology training grant R25 CA92049, both from the National Cancer Institute.
PY - 2005/2/1
Y1 - 2005/2/1
N2 - Some weight loss diets promote protein intake; however, the association of protein with disease is unclear. In 1986, 29,017 postmenopausal Iowa women without cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), or diabetes were followed prospectively for 15 years for cancer incidence and mortality from CHD, cancer, and all causes. Mailed questionnaires assessed dietary, lifestyle, and medical information. Nutrient density models estimated risk ratios from a simulated substitution of total and type of dietary protein for carbohydrate and of vegetable for animal protein. The authors identified 4,843 new cancers, 739 CHD deaths, 1,676 cancer deaths, and 3,978 total deaths. Among women in the highest intake quintile, CHD mortality decreased by 30% from an isoenergetic substitution of vegetable protein for carbohydrate (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.99) and of vegetable for animal protein (95% CI: 0.51, 0.98), following multivariable adjustment. Although no association was observed with any outcome when animal protein was substituted for carbohydrate, CHD mortality was associated with red meats (risk ratio = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.94) and dairy products (risk ratio = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.86) when substituted for servings per 1,000 kcal (4.2 MJ) of carbohydrate foods. Long-term adherence to high-protein diets, without discrimination toward protein source, may have potentially adverse health consequences.
AB - Some weight loss diets promote protein intake; however, the association of protein with disease is unclear. In 1986, 29,017 postmenopausal Iowa women without cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), or diabetes were followed prospectively for 15 years for cancer incidence and mortality from CHD, cancer, and all causes. Mailed questionnaires assessed dietary, lifestyle, and medical information. Nutrient density models estimated risk ratios from a simulated substitution of total and type of dietary protein for carbohydrate and of vegetable for animal protein. The authors identified 4,843 new cancers, 739 CHD deaths, 1,676 cancer deaths, and 3,978 total deaths. Among women in the highest intake quintile, CHD mortality decreased by 30% from an isoenergetic substitution of vegetable protein for carbohydrate (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.99) and of vegetable for animal protein (95% CI: 0.51, 0.98), following multivariable adjustment. Although no association was observed with any outcome when animal protein was substituted for carbohydrate, CHD mortality was associated with red meats (risk ratio = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.94) and dairy products (risk ratio = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.86) when substituted for servings per 1,000 kcal (4.2 MJ) of carbohydrate foods. Long-term adherence to high-protein diets, without discrimination toward protein source, may have potentially adverse health consequences.
KW - Dietary carbohydrates
KW - Dietary proteins
KW - Heart diseases
KW - Mortality
KW - Neoplasms
KW - Postmenopause
KW - Prospective studies
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U2 - 10.1093/aje/kwi038
DO - 10.1093/aje/kwi038
M3 - Article
C2 - 15671256
AN - SCOPUS:13544270846
SN - 0002-9262
VL - 161
SP - 239
EP - 249
JO - American journal of epidemiology
JF - American journal of epidemiology
IS - 3
ER -