Association of Strabismus with Functional Vision and Eye-Related Quality of Life in Children

Sarah R. Hatt, David A. Leske, Yolanda S. Casta eda, Suzanne M. Wernimont, Laura Liebermann, Christina S. Cheng-Patel, Eileen E. Birch, Eileen E. Birch, Jonathan M. Holmes

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Importance: Strabismus is common, affecting 2% to 4% of children, but how children and their families are affected in everyday life is poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the association of strabismus with functional vision and eye-related quality of life in children and their families using the Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and October 2019 and included 91 children with strabismus and 166 visually normal controls across 3 age groups (0-4, 5-11, and 12-17 years) who were enrolled at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, and Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, Texas. Exposures: Children completed the child PedEyeQ (5 to 11-and 12 to 17-year versions: functional vision, bothered by eyes/vision, social, and frustration/worry domains); parents completed the proxy (0 to 4-, 5 to 11-, and 12 to 17-year versions: functional vision, bothered by eyes/vision, social, frustration/worry, and eye care domains) and the parent PedEyeQ (impact on parent and family, worry about child's eye condition, worry about child's self-perception and interactions, and worry about child's functional vision domains). Rasch-calibrated PedEyeQ scores were calculated for each domain and converted to 0 (worst) to 100. Main Outcomes and Measures: PedEyeQ domain scores Results: Of 91 participants with strabismus, 41 (45.1%) were girls, 74 (81.3%) were white, 4 (4.4%) were Asian, 5 (5.5%) were more than 1 race, 5 (5.5%) were African American, and 2 (2.2%) were American Indian/Alaska Native. Child PedEyeQ domain scores were lower with strabismus vs visually normal controls among children ages 5 to 11 years and the greatest mean (SD) difference was in functional vision (12 [14] points; 95% CI, 6-18; P =.001), and among children ages 12 to 17 years, the greatest mean (SD) difference was in frustration/worry (27 [13] points; 95% CI, 18-36; P <.001). Proxy PedEyeQ domain scores were also lower with strabismus. The greatest difference among children ages 0 to 4 years was in functional vision (13 [9] points; 95% CI, 9-16; P <.001), among children ages 5 to 11 years was in functional vision (26 [10] points; 95% CI, 22-30; P <.001); and among children ages 12 to 17 years was in functional vision (21 [12] points; 95% CI, 12-30; P <.001), social (21 [13] points; 95% CI, 12-30; P <.001), and frustration/worry (21 [13] points; 95% CI, 12-30; P <.001). Parent PedEyeQ domain scores were lower with strabismus; the greatest difference was in worry about child's eye condition (38 [14] points; 95% CI, 34-42; P <.001). Conclusions and Relevance: Strabismus is associated with reduced functional vision and eye-related quality of life in children. Parents of children with strabismus also experience a reduced quality of life. These findings advance our understanding of how strabismus affects children and their families and should be considered when defining patient management goals.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)528-535
Number of pages8
JournalJAMA Ophthalmology
Volume138
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2020

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Ophthalmology

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