TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Overall Survival among Patients with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
AU - Lin, Jian Xian
AU - Tang, Yi Hui
AU - Lin, Guan Jie
AU - Ma, Yu Bin
AU - Desiderio, Jacopo
AU - Li, Ping
AU - Xie, Jian Wei
AU - Wang, Jia Bin
AU - Lu, Jun
AU - Chen, Qi Yue
AU - Cao, Long Long
AU - Lin, Mi
AU - Tu, Ru Hong
AU - Zheng, Chao Hui
AU - Parisi, Amilcare
AU - Truty, Mark J.
AU - Huang, Chang Ming
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/4/1
Y1 - 2022/4/1
N2 - Importance: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard treatment option for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC); however, the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients with LAGC who received NAC remain controversial. Objective: To compare survival rates between patients with LAGC who received AC and those who did not after NAC followed by surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, international cohort study included 353 patients with LAGC undergoing curative-intent gastrectomy after NAC at 2 tertiary referral teaching hospitals in China between June 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. To externally validate the findings in the Chinese patients, 109 patients from the US and Italy between June 1, 2006, and June 30, 2013, were reviewed. The follow-up period of the Chinese patients was completed in December 2020, and the follow-up period of the Western patients was completed between February and July 2017. Data analysis was performed from December 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Exposures: Patients who received AC and those who did not were propensity score matched to evaluate the association of AC with survival. Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival. Results: Of 353 patients from China (275 [78.1%] male; mean [SD] age, 58.0 [10.7] years), 262 (74.1%) received AC and 91 (25.9%) did not. After propensity score matching, the 3-year OS was significantly higher in patients who received AC (60.1%; 95% CI, 53.1%-68.1%) than in those who did not (49.3%; 95% CI, 39.8%-61.0%) (P =.02). Lymph node ratio (LNR) was significantly associated with AC benefit (P <.001 for interaction), and a plot of the interaction between LNR and AC demonstrated that AC was associated with improved OS in patients with higher (≥9%) LNRs (3-year OS: 46.6% vs 21.7%; P <.001), but not in patients with LNRs less than 9% (3-year OS: 73.9% vs 71.3%; P =.30). When stratified by AC cycles, only those patients who completed at least 4 AC cycles exhibited a significant survival benefit in the 6-month (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.96; P =.03) and 9-month landmark analysis (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.94; P =.03). In the external cohort, improved OS with AC administration was also found in patients with LNRs of 9% or greater (3-year OS: 53.0% vs 26.3%; P =.04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, the administration of AC after NAC and resection of LAGC was associated with improved prognosis in patients with LNRs of 9% or greater. These findings suggest that LNR might be valuable in AC selection in future decision-making processes..
AB - Importance: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard treatment option for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC); however, the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in patients with LAGC who received NAC remain controversial. Objective: To compare survival rates between patients with LAGC who received AC and those who did not after NAC followed by surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter, international cohort study included 353 patients with LAGC undergoing curative-intent gastrectomy after NAC at 2 tertiary referral teaching hospitals in China between June 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017. To externally validate the findings in the Chinese patients, 109 patients from the US and Italy between June 1, 2006, and June 30, 2013, were reviewed. The follow-up period of the Chinese patients was completed in December 2020, and the follow-up period of the Western patients was completed between February and July 2017. Data analysis was performed from December 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021. Exposures: Patients who received AC and those who did not were propensity score matched to evaluate the association of AC with survival. Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, and disease-specific survival. Results: Of 353 patients from China (275 [78.1%] male; mean [SD] age, 58.0 [10.7] years), 262 (74.1%) received AC and 91 (25.9%) did not. After propensity score matching, the 3-year OS was significantly higher in patients who received AC (60.1%; 95% CI, 53.1%-68.1%) than in those who did not (49.3%; 95% CI, 39.8%-61.0%) (P =.02). Lymph node ratio (LNR) was significantly associated with AC benefit (P <.001 for interaction), and a plot of the interaction between LNR and AC demonstrated that AC was associated with improved OS in patients with higher (≥9%) LNRs (3-year OS: 46.6% vs 21.7%; P <.001), but not in patients with LNRs less than 9% (3-year OS: 73.9% vs 71.3%; P =.30). When stratified by AC cycles, only those patients who completed at least 4 AC cycles exhibited a significant survival benefit in the 6-month (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.96; P =.03) and 9-month landmark analysis (hazard ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.94; P =.03). In the external cohort, improved OS with AC administration was also found in patients with LNRs of 9% or greater (3-year OS: 53.0% vs 26.3%; P =.04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, the administration of AC after NAC and resection of LAGC was associated with improved prognosis in patients with LNRs of 9% or greater. These findings suggest that LNR might be valuable in AC selection in future decision-making processes..
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U2 - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5557
DO - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.5557
M3 - Article
C2 - 35363268
AN - SCOPUS:85127434410
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 5
JO - JAMA Network Open
JF - JAMA Network Open
IS - 4
M1 - e225557
ER -