Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using neuropsychological outcomes

Jeffery N. Epstein; C. Keith Conners; Aaron S. Hervey; Simon T. Tonev; L. Eugene Arnold; Howard B. Abikoff; Glen Elliott; Laurence L. Greenhill; Lily Hechtman; Kimberly Hoagwood; Stephen P. Hinshaw; Betsy Hoza; Peter S. Jensen; John S. March; Jeffrey H. Newcorn; William E. Pelham; Joanne B. Severe; James M. Swanson; Karen Wells; Benedetto Vitiello; Timothy Wigal

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x

Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using neuropsychological outcomes

Jeffery N. Epstein, C. Keith Conners, Aaron S. Hervey, Simon T. Tonev, L. Eugene Arnold, Howard B. Abikoff, Glen Elliott, Laurence L. Greenhill, Lily Hechtman, Kimberly Hoagwood, Stephen P. Hinshaw, Betsy Hoza, Peter S. Jensen, John S. March, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, William E. Pelham, Joanne B. Severe, James M. Swanson, Karen Wells, Benedetto VitielloTimothy Wigal

Psychiatry and Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

106 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variabilityin children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures. Methods: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau). Results: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. Conclusions: This demonstrates the importance of including analytic strategies that can accurately model the actual distributional pattern, including the positive skew. Further, the results of the study relate to several theoretical models of ADHD.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	446-456
Number of pages	11
Journal	Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
Volume	47
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x
State	Published - May 2006

Keywords

ADHD/ADD
Distributions
Go/no-go test
Neuropsychology
Pharmacology
Reaction time
Stimulants

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
Developmental and Educational Psychology
Psychiatry and Mental health

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10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x

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Epstein, J. N., Conners, C. K., Hervey, A. S., Tonev, S. T., Arnold, L. E., Abikoff, H. B., Elliott, G., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L., Hoagwood, K., Hinshaw, S. P., Hoza, B., Jensen, P. S., March, J. S., Newcorn, J. H., Pelham, W. E., Severe, J. B., Swanson, J. M., Wells, K., ... Wigal, T. (2006). Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using neuropsychological outcomes. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 47(5), 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x

Epstein, JN, Conners, CK, Hervey, AS, Tonev, ST, Arnold, LE, Abikoff, HB, Elliott, G, Greenhill, LL, Hechtman, L, Hoagwood, K, Hinshaw, SP, Hoza, B, Jensen, PS, March, JS, Newcorn, JH, Pelham, WE, Severe, JB, Swanson, JM, Wells, K, Vitiello, B & Wigal, T 2006, 'Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using neuropsychological outcomes', Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x

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abstract = "Background: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variabilityin children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures. Methods: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau). Results: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. Conclusions: This demonstrates the importance of including analytic strategies that can accurately model the actual distributional pattern, including the positive skew. Further, the results of the study relate to several theoretical models of ADHD.",

keywords = "ADHD/ADD, Distributions, Go/no-go test, Neuropsychology, Pharmacology, Reaction time, Stimulants",

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doi = "10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01469.x",

language = "English (US)",

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AU - Conners, C. Keith

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AU - Tonev, Simon T.

AU - Arnold, L. Eugene

AU - Abikoff, Howard B.

AU - Elliott, Glen

AU - Greenhill, Laurence L.

AU - Hechtman, Lily

AU - Hoagwood, Kimberly

AU - Hinshaw, Stephen P.

AU - Hoza, Betsy

AU - Jensen, Peter S.

AU - March, John S.

AU - Newcorn, Jeffrey H.

AU - Pelham, William E.

AU - Severe, Joanne B.

AU - Swanson, James M.

AU - Wells, Karen

AU - Vitiello, Benedetto

AU - Wigal, Timothy

PY - 2006/5

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N2 - Background: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variabilityin children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures. Methods: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau). Results: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. Conclusions: This demonstrates the importance of including analytic strategies that can accurately model the actual distributional pattern, including the positive skew. Further, the results of the study relate to several theoretical models of ADHD.

AB - Background: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variabilityin children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures. Methods: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included standard CPT outcomes (e.g., errors of commission, mean hit reaction time (RT)) and RT indicators derived from an Ex-Gaussian distributional model (i.e., mu, sigma, and tau). Results: Analyses revealed significant effects of medication across all neuropsychological outcome measures. Results on the Ex-Gaussian outcome measures revealed that stimulant medication slows RT and reduces RT variability. Conclusions: This demonstrates the importance of including analytic strategies that can accurately model the actual distributional pattern, including the positive skew. Further, the results of the study relate to several theoretical models of ADHD.

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KW - Go/no-go test

KW - Neuropsychology

KW - Pharmacology

KW - Reaction time

KW - Stimulants

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Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using neuropsychological outcomes

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