Aortic valve surgery and survival in patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis and left ventricular dysfunction

Zainab Samad, Amit N. Vora, Allison Dunning, Phillip J. Schulte, Linda K. Shaw, Fawaz Al-Enezi, Mads Ersboll, Robert W. McGarrah, John P. Vavalle, Svati H. Shah, Joseph Kisslo, Donald Glower, J. Kevin Harrison, Eric J. Velazquez

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

37 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aims We aimed to determine the frequency of aortic valve surgery (AVR) with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), among patients with moderate/severe aortic stenosis (AS) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), and its relationship with survival. Methods and results The Duke Echocardiographic Database (N = 132 804) was queried for patients with mean gradient ≥25 mmHg and/or peak velocity ≥3 m/s and LVSD (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤50%) from 1 January 1995-28 February 2014. For analyses purposes, AS was defined both by mean gradient and calculated aortic valve area (AVA) criteria. Time-dependent indicators of AVR in multivariable Cox models were used to assess the relationship of AVR and all-cause mortality. A total of 1634 patients had moderate (N = 1090, 67%) or severe (N = 544, 33%) AS by mean gradient criteria. Overall, 287 (26%) patients with moderate AS and 263 (48%) patients with severe AS underwent AVR within 5 years of the qualifying echo. There were 863 (53%) deaths observed up to 5 years following index echo. After multivariable adjustment in an inverse probability weighted regression model, AVR was associated with higher 5-year survival amongst patients with moderate AS and severe AS whether classified by AVA or mean gradient criteria. Over all, AVR ± CABG compared with medical therapy was associated with significantly lower mortality [hazard ratio, HR = 0.49 (0.38, 0.62), P < 0.0001]. Compared with CABG alone, CABG + AVR was associated with better survival [HR = 0.18 (0.12, 0.27), P < 0.0001]. Conclusions In patients with moderate/severe AS and LVSD, mortality is substantial and amongst those selected for surgery, AVR with or without CABG is associated with higher survival. Research is required to understand factors contributing to current practice patterns and the possible utility of transcatheter approaches in this high-risk cohort.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2276-2286
Number of pages11
JournalEuropean heart journal
Volume37
Issue number28
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 21 2016

Keywords

  • Moderate aortic stenosis
  • aortic valve surgery
  • left ventricular systolic dysfunction
  • severe aortic stenosis
  • survival

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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