TY - JOUR
T1 - Antigen Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Patients Receiving B-Cell Depleting Therapy
AU - Marty, Paige K.
AU - Van Keulen, Virginia P.
AU - Erskine, Courtney L.
AU - Shah, Maleeha
AU - Hummel, Amber
AU - Stachowitz, Michael
AU - Fatis, Samantha
AU - Granger, Dane
AU - Block, Matthew S.
AU - Duarte-García, Alí
AU - Warrington, Kenneth J.
AU - Theel, Elitza S.
AU - Zhou, Xian
AU - Zeng, Hu
AU - Specks, Ulrich
AU - Escalante, Patricio
AU - Peikert, Tobias
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Marty, Van Keulen, Erskine, Shah, Hummel, Stachowitz, Fatis, Granger, Block, Duarte-García, Warrington, Theel, Zhou, Zeng, Specks, Escalante and Peikert.
PY - 2022/1/28
Y1 - 2022/1/28
N2 - Humoral vaccine responses are known to be suboptimal in patients receiving B-cell targeted therapy, and little is known about vaccine induced T-cell immunity in these patients. In this study, we characterized humoral and cellular antigen-specific anti-SARS-CoV2 responses following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) receiving anti-CD20 therapy, who were either B-cell depleted, or B-cell recovered at the time of vaccination and in normal control subjects. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, while SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses to S glycoprotein subunits 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) and receptor binding domain peptide pools were measured using interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays. In total, 26 recently vaccinated subjects were studied. Despite the lack of a measurable humoral immune response, B-cell depleted patients mounted a similar vaccine induced antigen-specific T-cell response compared to B-cell recovered patients and normal controls. Our data indicate that to assure a humoral response in patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should ideally be delayed until B-cell recovery (CD-20 positive B-cells > 10/μl). Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits robust, potentially protective cellular immune responses in these subjects. Further research to characterize the durability and protective effect of vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immunity are needed.
AB - Humoral vaccine responses are known to be suboptimal in patients receiving B-cell targeted therapy, and little is known about vaccine induced T-cell immunity in these patients. In this study, we characterized humoral and cellular antigen-specific anti-SARS-CoV2 responses following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) receiving anti-CD20 therapy, who were either B-cell depleted, or B-cell recovered at the time of vaccination and in normal control subjects. SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (NC) antibodies were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, while SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses to S glycoprotein subunits 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) and receptor binding domain peptide pools were measured using interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays. In total, 26 recently vaccinated subjects were studied. Despite the lack of a measurable humoral immune response, B-cell depleted patients mounted a similar vaccine induced antigen-specific T-cell response compared to B-cell recovered patients and normal controls. Our data indicate that to assure a humoral response in patients receiving anti-CD20 therapy, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination should ideally be delayed until B-cell recovery (CD-20 positive B-cells > 10/μl). Nevertheless, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits robust, potentially protective cellular immune responses in these subjects. Further research to characterize the durability and protective effect of vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell immunity are needed.
KW - ANCA-associated vasculitis
KW - COVID-19 vaccination
KW - cellular immune response
KW - humoral immune response
KW - rituximab
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85124424259&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834981
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.834981
M3 - Article
C2 - 35154159
AN - SCOPUS:85124424259
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in immunology
JF - Frontiers in immunology
M1 - 834981
ER -