TY - JOUR
T1 - Adipogenesis and aging
T2 - Does aging make fat go MAD?
AU - Kirkland, James L.
AU - Tchkonia, Tamara
AU - Pirtskhalava, Tamar
AU - Han, Jianrong
AU - Karagiannides, Iordanes
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful for advice from J. Armstrong. Supported by NIH grants AG13925, DK56891, and DK46200.
PY - 2002/6/1
Y1 - 2002/6/1
N2 - In advanced old age, fat depot size declines while lipid is redistributed to muscle, bone marrow, and other tissues. Decreased fat depot size is related to reduced fat cell size and function and impaired differentiation of preadipocytes into fat cells. Reduced differentiation-dependent gene expression results from decreased abundance of the adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Increased expression of anti-adipogenic C/EBP family members contributes, perhaps due to cellular stress response pathway activation with aging. Hence, dysfunctional adipocyte-like cells appear in adipose tissue that are smaller and less insulin responsive than fully differentiated fat cells. Adipogenesis can be restored by overexpressing adipogenic transcription factors in preadipocytes from old animals. Redistribution of lipid to extra-adipose sites with aging could result from loss of lipid storage capacity in fat depots, altered fatty acid handling resulting in lipid accumulation, dysdifferentiation of mesenchymal precursors, such as muscle satellite cells and osteoblast precursors, into a partial adipocyte phenotype, or a combination of these mechanisms. Thus, accumulation of mesenchymal adipocyte-like default (MAD) cells in fat depots, muscle, bone marrow, and elsewhere is a potentially reversible process that could contribute to maldistribution of fat in old age.
AB - In advanced old age, fat depot size declines while lipid is redistributed to muscle, bone marrow, and other tissues. Decreased fat depot size is related to reduced fat cell size and function and impaired differentiation of preadipocytes into fat cells. Reduced differentiation-dependent gene expression results from decreased abundance of the adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Increased expression of anti-adipogenic C/EBP family members contributes, perhaps due to cellular stress response pathway activation with aging. Hence, dysfunctional adipocyte-like cells appear in adipose tissue that are smaller and less insulin responsive than fully differentiated fat cells. Adipogenesis can be restored by overexpressing adipogenic transcription factors in preadipocytes from old animals. Redistribution of lipid to extra-adipose sites with aging could result from loss of lipid storage capacity in fat depots, altered fatty acid handling resulting in lipid accumulation, dysdifferentiation of mesenchymal precursors, such as muscle satellite cells and osteoblast precursors, into a partial adipocyte phenotype, or a combination of these mechanisms. Thus, accumulation of mesenchymal adipocyte-like default (MAD) cells in fat depots, muscle, bone marrow, and elsewhere is a potentially reversible process that could contribute to maldistribution of fat in old age.
KW - C/EBPα
KW - Dysdifferentiation
KW - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
KW - Preadipocyte differentiation
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U2 - 10.1016/S0531-5565(02)00014-1
DO - 10.1016/S0531-5565(02)00014-1
M3 - Review article
C2 - 12175476
AN - SCOPUS:0036604165
SN - 0531-5565
VL - 37
SP - 757
EP - 767
JO - Experimental Gerontology
JF - Experimental Gerontology
IS - 6
ER -