Acute Noncardiac Organ Failure in Acute Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock

Background: There are limited data on acute noncardiac multiorgan failure in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS). Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate the 15-year national trends, resource utilization, and outcomes of single and multiple noncardiac organ failures in AMI-CS. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of AMI-CS using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2000 to 2014. Previously validated codes for respiratory, renal, hepatic, hematologic, and neurological failure were used to identify single or multiorgan (≥2 organ systems) noncardiac organ failure. Outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality, temporal trends, and resource utilization. The effects of every additional organ failure on in-hospital mortality and resource utilization were assessed. Results: In 444,253 AMI-CS admissions, noncardiac single or multiorgan failure was noted in 32.4% and 31.9%, respectively. Multiorgan failure was seen more commonly in admissions with non–ST-segment elevation AMI-CS, nonwhite race, and higher baseline comorbidity. There was a steady increase in the prevalence of single and multiorgan failure. Coronary angiography and revascularization were performed less commonly in multiorgan failure. Single-organ failure (odds ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.26 to 1.30) and multiorgan failure (odds ratio: 2.23; 95% confidence interval: 2.19 to 2.27) were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality, greater resource utilization, and fewer discharges to home. There was a stepwise increase in in-hospital mortality and resource utilization with each additional organ failure. Conclusions: There has been a steady increase in the prevalence of multiorgan failure in AMI-CS. Presence of multiorgan failure was independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and greater resource utilization.