TY - JOUR
T1 - Acetaminophen and NAPQI are toxic to auditory cells via oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent pathways
AU - Kalinec, Gilda M.
AU - Thein, Pru
AU - Parsa, Arya
AU - Yorgason, Joshua
AU - Luxford, William
AU - Urrutia, Raul
AU - Kalinec, Federico
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors declare no existing or potential conflict of interest. This work was supported by NIH Grants R01-DC010146 and R01-DC010397 , and personal funds from William M. Luxford. Its content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the National Institutes of Health.
PY - 2014/7
Y1 - 2014/7
N2 - Pain relievers containing N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, also called APAP, acetaminophen or paracetamol, in combination with opioid narcotics are top-selling pharmaceuticals in the U.S. Individuals who abuse these drugs for as little as sixty days can develop tinnitus and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Recently published studies indicate that APAP and its metabolic product N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) are the primary ototoxic agents in this type of pain relievers. However, the mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of these drugs on auditory cells remain to be fully characterized. In this study, we report cellular, genomic, and proteomic experiments revealing that cytotoxicity by APAP and NAPQI involves two different pathways in Immortomouse™-derived HEI-OC1 cells, implicating ROS overproduction, alterations in ER morphology, redistribution of intra-cisternal chaperones, activation of the eIF2α-CHOP pathway, as well as changes in ER stress and protein folding response markers. Thus, both oxidative and ER stress are part of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the cytotoxic effects of APAP and NAPQI in these cells. We suggest that these invitro findings should be taken into consideration when designing pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing the toxic effects of these drugs on the auditory system.
AB - Pain relievers containing N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, also called APAP, acetaminophen or paracetamol, in combination with opioid narcotics are top-selling pharmaceuticals in the U.S. Individuals who abuse these drugs for as little as sixty days can develop tinnitus and progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Recently published studies indicate that APAP and its metabolic product N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) are the primary ototoxic agents in this type of pain relievers. However, the mechanisms underlying the deleterious effects of these drugs on auditory cells remain to be fully characterized. In this study, we report cellular, genomic, and proteomic experiments revealing that cytotoxicity by APAP and NAPQI involves two different pathways in Immortomouse™-derived HEI-OC1 cells, implicating ROS overproduction, alterations in ER morphology, redistribution of intra-cisternal chaperones, activation of the eIF2α-CHOP pathway, as well as changes in ER stress and protein folding response markers. Thus, both oxidative and ER stress are part of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to the cytotoxic effects of APAP and NAPQI in these cells. We suggest that these invitro findings should be taken into consideration when designing pharmacological strategies aimed at preventing the toxic effects of these drugs on the auditory system.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.heares.2014.04.007
DO - 10.1016/j.heares.2014.04.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 24793116
AN - SCOPUS:84900022147
SN - 0378-5955
VL - 313
SP - 26
EP - 37
JO - Hearing Research
JF - Hearing Research
ER -