TY - JOUR
T1 - A review of neurostimulation for epilepsy in pediatrics
AU - Starnes, Keith
AU - Miller, Kai
AU - Wong-Kisiel, Lily
AU - Lundstrom, Brian Nils
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: B.N.L. was supported by the Mayo Clinic Foundation and the NIH NINDS (K23NS112339).
Funding Information:
B.N.L. was supported by the Mayo Clinic Foundation and the NIH NINDS (K23NS112339). Acknowledgments: We thank Jamie Van Gompel and Greg Worrell for support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Neurostimulation for epilepsy refers to the application of electricity to affect the central nervous system, with the goal of reducing seizure frequency and severity. We review the available evidence for the use of neurostimulation to treat pediatric epilepsy, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation (CSCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We consider possible mechanisms of action and safety concerns, and we propose a methodology for selecting between available options. In general, we find neurostimulation is safe and effective, although any high quality evidence applying neurostimulation to pediatrics is lacking. Further research is needed to understand neuromodulatory systems, and to identify biomarkers of response in order to establish optimal stimulation paradigms.
AB - Neurostimulation for epilepsy refers to the application of electricity to affect the central nervous system, with the goal of reducing seizure frequency and severity. We review the available evidence for the use of neurostimulation to treat pediatric epilepsy, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation (CSCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We consider possible mechanisms of action and safety concerns, and we propose a methodology for selecting between available options. In general, we find neurostimulation is safe and effective, although any high quality evidence applying neurostimulation to pediatrics is lacking. Further research is needed to understand neuromodulatory systems, and to identify biomarkers of response in order to establish optimal stimulation paradigms.
KW - Chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation
KW - Deep brain stimulation
KW - Drug-resistant epilepsy
KW - Neuromodulation
KW - Pediatric neurostimulation
KW - Responsive neurostimulation
KW - Transcranial direct current stimulation
KW - Transcranial magnetic stimulation
KW - Vagus nerve stimulation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85074227240&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85074227240&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/brainsci9100283
DO - 10.3390/brainsci9100283
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85074227240
SN - 2076-3425
VL - 9
JO - Brain Sciences
JF - Brain Sciences
IS - 10
M1 - 283
ER -