A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents

A. Irem Sonmez; Charles P. Lewis; John D. Port; Arjun P. Athreya; Doo Sop Choi; Michael J. Zaccariello; Julia Shekunov; Caren J. Blacker; Paul E. Croarkin

doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043

A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents

A. Irem Sonmez, Charles P. Lewis, John D. Port, Arjun P. Athreya, Doo Sop Choi, Michael J. Zaccariello, Julia Shekunov, Caren J. Blacker, Paul E. Croarkin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Background: Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25–50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that historical adversity would have a negative relationship with spectroscopic measures of glutamate metabolites in anterior cingulate cortex. Methods: Adolescent participants (aged 13–21) underwent a semi-structured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a 28-item assessment of childhood adversity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) scans at 3 Tesla of an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) voxel (8 cm³) encompassing both hemispheres were collected using a 2-dimensional J-averaged sequence to assess N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and [NAA]/[Glx] concentrations. Generalized linear models assessed the relationships between CTQ scores and metabolite levels in ACC. Results: Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 22 depressed participants) underwent ¹H-MRS and completed the CTQ measures. There were decrements in [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the ACC of participants with childhood adversity while no significant relationship between CTQ total score and any of the ACC metabolites was found in the combined sample. Exploratory results revealed a positive association between Glx levels and CTQ scores in depressed participants. Conversely the [NAA]/[Glx] ratio had a negative association with total CTQ scores in the depressed participants. Emotional Abuse Scale showed a significant negative relationship with [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the combined sample when adjusted for depression severity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that childhood adversity may impact brain neurochemical profiles. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of childhood adversity throughout development and in populations with other psychiatric disorders.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	100043
Journal	Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043
State	Published - Dec 2021

Keywords

ACC
Adolescent
Anterior cingulate
Depression
Glutamate
H-MRS
NAA
Trauma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Clinical Neurology
Psychiatry and Mental health
Biochemistry, medical
Clinical Biochemistry

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10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043

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@article{9865736664384dd88c41ba84a2f467bc,

title = "A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents",

abstract = "Background: Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25–50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that historical adversity would have a negative relationship with spectroscopic measures of glutamate metabolites in anterior cingulate cortex. Methods: Adolescent participants (aged 13–21) underwent a semi-structured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a 28-item assessment of childhood adversity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) scans at 3 Tesla of an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) voxel (8 cm3) encompassing both hemispheres were collected using a 2-dimensional J-averaged sequence to assess N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and [NAA]/[Glx] concentrations. Generalized linear models assessed the relationships between CTQ scores and metabolite levels in ACC. Results: Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 22 depressed participants) underwent 1H-MRS and completed the CTQ measures. There were decrements in [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the ACC of participants with childhood adversity while no significant relationship between CTQ total score and any of the ACC metabolites was found in the combined sample. Exploratory results revealed a positive association between Glx levels and CTQ scores in depressed participants. Conversely the [NAA]/[Glx] ratio had a negative association with total CTQ scores in the depressed participants. Emotional Abuse Scale showed a significant negative relationship with [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the combined sample when adjusted for depression severity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that childhood adversity may impact brain neurochemical profiles. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of childhood adversity throughout development and in populations with other psychiatric disorders.",

keywords = "ACC, Adolescent, Anterior cingulate, Depression, Glutamate, H-MRS, NAA, Trauma",

author = "Sonmez, {A. Irem} and Lewis, {Charles P.} and Port, {John D.} and Athreya, {Arjun P.} and Choi, {Doo Sop} and Zaccariello, {Michael J.} and Julia Shekunov and Blacker, {Caren J.} and Croarkin, {Paul E.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021",

year = "2021",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "5",

journal = "Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry",

issn = "2666-1446",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents

AU - Sonmez, A. Irem

AU - Lewis, Charles P.

AU - Port, John D.

AU - Athreya, Arjun P.

AU - Choi, Doo Sop

AU - Zaccariello, Michael J.

AU - Shekunov, Julia

AU - Blacker, Caren J.

AU - Croarkin, Paul E.

PY - 2021/12

Y1 - 2021/12

N2 - Background: Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25–50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that historical adversity would have a negative relationship with spectroscopic measures of glutamate metabolites in anterior cingulate cortex. Methods: Adolescent participants (aged 13–21) underwent a semi-structured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a 28-item assessment of childhood adversity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) scans at 3 Tesla of an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) voxel (8 cm3) encompassing both hemispheres were collected using a 2-dimensional J-averaged sequence to assess N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and [NAA]/[Glx] concentrations. Generalized linear models assessed the relationships between CTQ scores and metabolite levels in ACC. Results: Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 22 depressed participants) underwent 1H-MRS and completed the CTQ measures. There were decrements in [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the ACC of participants with childhood adversity while no significant relationship between CTQ total score and any of the ACC metabolites was found in the combined sample. Exploratory results revealed a positive association between Glx levels and CTQ scores in depressed participants. Conversely the [NAA]/[Glx] ratio had a negative association with total CTQ scores in the depressed participants. Emotional Abuse Scale showed a significant negative relationship with [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the combined sample when adjusted for depression severity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that childhood adversity may impact brain neurochemical profiles. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of childhood adversity throughout development and in populations with other psychiatric disorders.

AB - Background: Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25–50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that historical adversity would have a negative relationship with spectroscopic measures of glutamate metabolites in anterior cingulate cortex. Methods: Adolescent participants (aged 13–21) underwent a semi-structured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a 28-item assessment of childhood adversity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) scans at 3 Tesla of an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) voxel (8 cm3) encompassing both hemispheres were collected using a 2-dimensional J-averaged sequence to assess N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and [NAA]/[Glx] concentrations. Generalized linear models assessed the relationships between CTQ scores and metabolite levels in ACC. Results: Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 22 depressed participants) underwent 1H-MRS and completed the CTQ measures. There were decrements in [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the ACC of participants with childhood adversity while no significant relationship between CTQ total score and any of the ACC metabolites was found in the combined sample. Exploratory results revealed a positive association between Glx levels and CTQ scores in depressed participants. Conversely the [NAA]/[Glx] ratio had a negative association with total CTQ scores in the depressed participants. Emotional Abuse Scale showed a significant negative relationship with [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the combined sample when adjusted for depression severity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that childhood adversity may impact brain neurochemical profiles. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of childhood adversity throughout development and in populations with other psychiatric disorders.

KW - ACC

KW - Adolescent

KW - Anterior cingulate

KW - Depression

KW - Glutamate

KW - H-MRS

KW - NAA

KW - Trauma

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DO - 10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043

M3 - Article

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SN - 2666-1446

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JO - Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

JF - Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

M1 - 100043

ER -

A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents

Abstract

Keywords

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