A comprehensive methodology for examining the impact of surgical team briefings and debriefings on teamwork

The adoptions of briefing and debriefing protocols have evolved from the Joint Commission's initiative to improve communication and safety in the operating room. Briefing normally occurs prior to incision and is used to discuss and confirm critical information, while debriefing occurs during or after surgery. Debriefing provides a unique opportunity for individuals and teams to immediately reflect on their performance, allowing them to more easily identify errors and develop plans to improve their next performance. Studies have shown that using briefings and debriefings improve communication and teamwork. However, there is still much to learn about the value of both for surgical teams. This paper presents a robust methodology for examining and measuring the impacts of surgical team briefings and debriefings on teamwork. The methodology includes (1) audio/video recording the surgical care process, (2) prospective observations using a validated electronic data collection tool, (3) pre- and post-surgery surveys, and (4) individual surgical team member interviews. The current paper describes the methodology to obtain a robust and comprehensive data set for analyzing the impacts of briefing and debriefing on teamwork; the results of the surgeries recorded using this methodology will be presented in subsequent papers.